I-UK lilizwe lokuqala ehlabathini ukuphumeza ukuveliswa kombane wamalahle, kwaye ikwalilizwe ekukuphela kwalo eliye lafumana inguqu ukusuka kwiziko lombane elikhulu elibaswa ngamalahle kunye nokuvelisa umbane odityaniswe ngebhayomass ukuya kumalahle amakhulu- amaziko ombane atshisiweyo nge-100% yamafutha acocekileyo e-biomass.

Ngo-2019, umyinge wamandla amalahle e-UK uncitshisiwe ukusuka kwi-42.06% ngo-2012 ukuya kuphela kwi-1.9%. Ukugcinwa kwangoku kwamandla amalahle kubangelwa ikakhulu kutshintsho oluzinzileyo nolukhuselekileyo lwegridi, kwaye unikezelo lwamandla e-biomass lufikelele kwi-6.25% (i-China's biomass power supply Isixa simalunga ne-0.6%). Ngo-2020, kuya kubakho amaziko ombane amabini kuphela (i-West Burton kunye ne-Ratcliffe) eseleyo e-UK ukuqhubeka nokusebenzisa amalahle njengezibaso zokuvelisa umbane. Kucwangciso lolwakhiwo lwamandla eBritane, ukuveliswa kwamandla ebhayomass kuya kubalelwa kwi-16% kwixesha elizayo.

1. Imvelaphi yokuveliswa kombane okudityaniswe ngebhayomass e-UK

Ngo-1989, i-UK yabhengeza uMthetho woMbane (uMthetho woMbane ka-1989), ngakumbi emva kokungena kwe-Noe-Fossil Fuel Obligatio (NFFO) kuMthetho woMbane, i-UK ngokuthe ngcembe yayineseti egqibeleleyo yokukhuthaza kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo yezohlwayo. ukuveliswa kwamandla. I-NFFO isinyanzelo ngomthetho ukuba ifune ukuba oomatshini bamandla base-UK babonelele ngepesenti ethile yamandla ahlaziyekayo okanye amandla enyukliya (amandla angengawo awefosili).

Ngo-2002, i-Renewable Obligation (RO) yathatha indawo ye-Non-fossil Fuel Obligation (NFFO). Kwisiseko santlandlolo, i-RO ayibandakanyi amandla enyukliya, kunye nemiba yeeKhredithi zeSinyanzeliso esiVuselelekayo (i-ROCs) (Qaphela: ilingana neSatifikethi sokuHlaza saseTshayina) sombane obonelelwa ngamandla ahlaziyekayo ukuze ulawule kwaye amaziko oMbane afunwa ukunika ipesenti ethile yamandla ahlaziyekayo. Izatifikethi ze-ROCs zinokuthengiswa phakathi kwababoneleli bamandla, kwaye ezo nkampani zokuvelisa amandla angenawo amandla ahlaziyiweyo aneleyo okuvelisa umbane ziya kuthenga ii-ROC ezingaphezulu kwezinye iinkampani zokuvelisa amandla okanye zijongane nezohlwayo eziphezulu zikarhulumente. Ekuqaleni, i-ROC enye imele iwaka leedigri zamandla avuselelekayo. Ngo-2009, i-ROC iya kuba bhetyebhetye ngakumbi kwimitha ngokweendidi ezahlukeneyo zokuvelisa amandla ombane avuselelweyo. Ukongeza, urhulumente wase-Bhritane wakhupha i-Energy Crop Scheme ngo-2001, ebonelela ngenkxaso-mali kumafama ukukhulisa izityalo zamandla, ezifana nezihlahla zamandla kunye nengca yamandla.

Ngo-2004, i-United Kingdom yamkele imigaqo-nkqubo yoshishino efanelekileyo ukukhuthaza amaziko amakhulu ombane obaswa ngamalahle ukuba enze umbane odityanisiweyo we-biomass kunye nokusebenzisa isibaso se-biomass ukulinganisa izibonelelo. Oku kuyafana nakwamanye amazwe aseYurophu, kodwa kwahlukile kwinkxaso-mali yelizwe lam yokuvelisa umbane we-biomass.

Ngo-2012, ngokunzulu kwemisebenzi ye-biomass, ukuveliswa kwamandla e-biomass-dityaniswe e-United Kingdom kutshintshelwe kwiziko elikhulu lamandla elibaswa ngamalahle atshisa i-100% yesibaso esisulungekileyo se-biomass.

2. Indlela yobugcisa

Ngokusekwe kumava kunye nezifundo zoveliso lwamandla oludityanisiweyo lwebhayomass eYurophu ngaphambi kowama-2000, ukuveliswa kwamandla okudityaniswa kwebhayomass yase-United Kingdom yonke yamkele indlela yethekhnoloji yokudibanisa ukuvutha ngokuthe ngqo. Ukususela ekuqaleni, yamkele ngokufutshane kwaye yalahla ngokukhawuleza eyona biomass yakudala kunye nokwabelana ngamalahle. Indawo yokusila yamalahle (i-Co-Milling coal coupling), ukuya kwi-biomass edityanisiweyo ngokuthe ngqo iteknoloji yokuvelisa amandla ombane obaswa ngamalahle, zonke zamkele iteknoloji yokudibanisa i-Co-Feeding okanye itekhnoloji yokudibanisa isibane somlilo esizinikeleyo. Kwangaxeshanye, ezi ziko ziphuculweyo zamandla ezibaswa ngamalahle ziye zakha iindawo zokugcina, zokutya, nezokutya izibaso ezahlukeneyo zebhayomass, ezifana nenkunkuma yezolimo, izityalo zamandla, kunye nenkunkuma yamahlathi. Nangona kunjalo, isikhululo samandla amakhulu esibaselwe ngamalahle e-biomass-adityaniswe nenguqu yokuvelisa amandla asenokusebenzisa ngokuthe ngqo iibhoyila ezikhoyo, iijenereyitha ze-injini yomphunga, iziza kunye nezinye izibonelelo zomzi-mveliso wamandla, abasebenzi beplanti yamandla, iimodeli zokusebenza kunye nokugcinwa, izibonelelo zegridi kunye neemarike zamandla, njl. ., enokuphucula kakhulu ukusetyenziswa kweziko Ikwathintela utyalo-mali oluphezulu kumandla amatsha kunye nolwakhiwo olungafunekiyo. Yeyona modeli inoqoqosho lwenguqu okanye inxenye yotshintsho ukusuka kumalahle ukuya kwimveliso yamandla ebhayomass.

3. Khokela iprojekthi

Ngo-2005, umbane odityanisiweyo we-biomass e-United Kingdom ufikelele kwi-2.533 yeebhiliyoni ze-kWh, ebalelwa kwi-14.95% yamandla ahlaziyekayo. Ngo-2018 nango-2019, ukuveliswa kwamandla e-biomass e-UK kudlule ukuveliswa kwamandla amalahle. Phakathi kwazo, iprojekthi yayo ekhokelayo kwiziko lamandla leDrax ibonelele ngaphezulu kwe-13 yeebhiliyoni ze-kWh zamandla ebhayomass iminyaka emithathu ilandelelana.