Ukungathabathi cala kwekhabhoni ayikokuzibophelela nje kwelizwe lam ekuphenduleni utshintsho lwemozulu, kodwa ikwangumgaqo-nkqubo obalulekileyo wesizwe wokuphumeza utshintsho olusisiseko kwimekobume yelizwe lam kwezoqoqosho nezentlalo. Ikwalinyathelo elikhulu lelizwe lam lokuphonononga indlela entsha eya kwimpucuko yoluntu kunye nokufikelela kuphuhliso olunoxolo.

Okwangoku, phakathi kwemithombo yamandla eqhelekileyo, igesi yendalo, i-thermal yelanga, amandla e-hydrogen, namandla enyukliya anokusetyenziswa njengezinye iindlela. Phakathi kwabo, igesi yendalo inempendulo ekhawulezayo kunye nokuxinana kwamandla aphezulu, kodwa inezinto ezingalunganga ezintathu: isixa esipheleleyo asanelanga. Urhwebo lonyaka lulonke lwerhasi yendalo yehlabathi yi-1.2 yetriliyoni ye-cubic metres. Ukusetyenziswa kwerhasi yendalo yaseTshayina ngo-2019 yi-306.4 yeebhiliyoni zee-cubic metres, kubalelwa kwi-8.1 yokusetyenziswa kwamandla. %. Kuqikelelwa ngokwethiyori ukuba nokuba irhasi yendalo yehlabathi yonke inikezelwe eTshayina, inokusombulula kuphela i-32% yokusetyenziswa kwamandla iyonke; ixabiso liphezulu kakhulu. Nangona ixabiso legesi yendalo lihluka kwiindawo ngeendawo, ngokuqhelekileyo liphindwe ka-2-3 kunamalahle. Ukuba yonke igesi yendalo isetyenzisiwe, Iindleko zokuvelisa ziye zanyuka ngoko nangoko. Kuyaqondakala ukwandisa iindleko eziyimfuneko zokunciphisa ikhabhoni, kodwa ukunyuka okugqithisileyo kuya kukhokelela ngokuqinisekileyo ekunciphiseni ukukhuphisana koshishino lokuvelisa okanye ukutshintshwa kwamanye amazwe; okwesithathu, irhasi yendalo ngokwayo ngumthombo wamandla efosili yekhabhoni ephezulu, nangona amandla okukhutshwa kwekhabhoni asezantsi kunoko kwamalahle. , Kodwa ingxaki yokukhutshwa kwekhabhoni iyancitshiswa kuphela kodwa ayisonjululwa. Ke ngoko, kunzima ukuba irhasi yendalo ibe yeyona ndlela iphambili.

Ngokwahlukileyo, ubuninzi bamandla okukhanya kunye nobushushu abukwazi ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zabasebenzisi boxinano lwamandla aphezulu njengomthamo omkhulu womphunga, kwaye akunakuqinisekisa ukusetyenziswa kobushushu obuqhubekayo kunye nozinzile kushishino lokuvelisa, kwaye ayinakukwazi ukusuka. imbono yobugcisa.

Amandla enyukliya aneengenelo zokwenziwa kombane okuqhubekayo nozinzo. Isenokusetyenziswa njengenye indlela yokufudumeza imfuno emantla. Nangona kunjalo, kwiimfuno ezihlukeneyo kunye nezihlukeneyo zokufudumeza kwishishini lokuvelisa, iimpawu zayo zobugcisa kunye nezoqoqosho kunzima ukuhambelana.

Iinzuzo zamandla e-hydrogen kwindawo yokuthutha ziyavela. Nangona kukho iimeko eziyimpumelelo kwiimfuno zokufudumeza ezikhethekileyo ezifana nokwenza intsimbi yokutshintsha amalahle, uqoqosho lweemfuno zokufudumeza kuluhlu olubanzi lwamashishini okuvelisa asafuna ixesha lokuqinisekisa.

Ukongeza, nokuba ezi ntlobo zamandla zingentla zifezekisa ukusebenza kakuhle kwezoqoqosho, kusekho ukusilela okuqhelekileyo-iziseko zombane ezikhoyo ezibaswa ngamalahle zijongene nokuphelelwa lixesha.

Ukucinga kwe-EU: phinda usebenzise amandla e-biomass

Isixhobo sokugaya i-biomass pellet kulindeleke ukuba sibe sisixhobo esingathathi hlangothi sekhabhoni.

I-EU ngummandla wokuqala emhlabeni ukuba uzinikele ekuphuhliseni i-carbon low-carbon. Igqibile incopho yayo yekhabhoni kwaye ihambela ekungathathi hlangothi kwekhabhoni. Amava ayo afanele ukufundwa nokufunda kuwo.

I-GDP ye-European Union yenza i-22.54% ye-GDP yehlabathi, ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kubalelwa kwi-8%, kunye nokukhutshwa kwekhabhoni kubalelwa kwi-8.79% ngexesha elifanayo. Ukufezekisa ukungathathi hlangothi kwekhabhoni kwinkqubo yamandla, amandla avuselelweyo asekelwe kumandla e-biomass asetyenzisiweyo endaweni yamandla efosili.

Ngokwembono yolwakhiwo lwamandla lulonke lwamazwe angama-27 e-EU, amandla e-biomass enza i-65% yamandla ahlaziyekayo; ngokwembono yegalelo lokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni, amandla e-biomass enza i-43%, abekwe kuqala.

Isizathu: Amandla eBiomass ngamandla ekhemikhali kwaye kuphela kwepetroli enokuphinda ihlaziyeke. Inokugcinwa kwaye ihanjiswe. Xa sijongana neemfuno zokufudumeza kwamaxesha ahlukeneyo kunye namaxesha amaninzi, i-biomass fuels inokufezekiswa ngokulula, kwaye izixhobo ze-biomass zininzi kwaye zisasazwe. Isetyenziswa kakhulu kwaye inoqoqosho, kwaye ikhuphisana ngakumbi ngokufudumeza kunamandla efosili. Umzekelo, iDenmark, iSweden, kunye neFinland kuMntla Yurophu ziye zakha ikhonkco loshishino lwamandla e-biomass olusekwe kuluhlu olubanzi lwenkunkuma yezolimo nezamahlathi, kwaye baye baba sisabelo kwintengiso yamandla. Uhlobo lokuqala lwamandla.

Amandla eBiomass ayahambelana neziseko zamandla efosili ekhoyo. Umzekelo, iiyunithi ezintandathu ze-660MW ezibaswa ngamalahle e-Drax, esona sikhululo samandla esibaswa ngamalahle e-UK, zonke ziguqulelwa kwi-biomass, ziphumeza ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni eyiqanda kwaye zifumana izibonelelo ezinkulu zokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni; Amandla kuphela kwamandla ahlaziyekayo anokutshintsha ngokupheleleyo indawo yamandla efosili. Ayinakwanelisa kuphela iimfuno zeetheminali ezintathu ezinkulu zamandla ombane, umbane, kunye nobushushu, kodwa iphinde ivelise izinto ezisekelwe kwi-bio ukuze zithathe indawo yezixhobo ezisekelwe kwi-petroleum, engenakwenzeka kunye neminye imithombo yamandla avuselelekayo. .

Inkxaso ye-multi-dimensional yokungathathi hlangothi kwekhabhoni

Ngokubanzi, iindlela ezintathu zokungathathi hlangothi kwekhabhoni kwilizwe lam-umbane we-carbon neutralization, i-thermal carbon neutralization, kunye ne-carbon neutralization yamandla, amandla e-biomass angadlala indima ebalulekileyo.

Ngokumalunga nokungathathi hlangothi kwekhabhoni ye-thermal, imfuno yokufudumeza yoshishino lwelizwe lam inokufezekiswa ngokupheleleyo ngamandla e-biomass, kunye nemfuno yokufudumeza okusasaziweyo inokufezekiswa ngokuxhasa izixhobo zobuchwephesha ze-biomass zamandla obushushu ukwenza izibaso.

Ngokuqinisekileyo, kunye nomthamo wokusetyenziswa kwamandla kwilizwe lethu, kunzima ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ngezibonelelo zethu kuphela. Ngoko ke, kunokwenzeka ukuseka isakhelo kunye ne-biomass fuel renewable fuels (i-biomass pellet machines kunye nezinye ii-mechanical processing) njengento engundoqo kunye ne-"Belt kunye neNdlela" yentsebenziswano yamandla avuselelekayo njengenjongo.

Ngokubhekiselele kwilizwe lam, inani elikhulu lamafutha ahlaziyekayo athatha indawo yamafutha e-fossil, anokugcina ukukhuphisana kweshishini lokuvelisa kunye nokusombulula ingxaki yemiqobo yekhabhoni. Ngelo xesha, kuya kunceda amazwe kunye nemimandla "ye-Belt kunye neNdlela" ukuseka iziseko zamandla aluhlaza ukuze kuzuzwe inzuzo kunye kunye neziphumo zokuphumelela. , Ukwakha uluntu lwekamva lophuhliso lohlaza.

Ngokumalunga nokungathathi hlangothi kwekhabhoni yamandla, izisombululo zangoku zamandla okuthutha ziquka amandla ombane, amandla e-hydrogen, kunye ne-biomass fuel. Kucetyiswa ukuba imarike ikhethe endaweni yongenelelo olugqithisileyo lolawulo. Izibonelelo zolawulo ezininzi kufuneka zityalwe ekwakhiweni kwenkqubo yokuqinisekisa imarike, njengokwakhiwa kunye nokusebenza kweemarike zekhabhoni. Ngelo xesha, kuya kubakho isicwangciso samandla e-carbon-neutral esilungelelanisa neemeko zelizwe ukuze zivelele.

I-biomass pellet millizixhobo kulindeleke ukuba zibe sisixhobo se-carbon neutral.